The karyotypes of interspecific grapevine hybrids (Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) BC4

Abstract

Aims. In this work, the results of cytological research, fertility, and biotic stress resistance of the genus Vitis L. interspecific hybrids between V. rotundifolia Michx. and V. vinifera L. are given. To better understand the nature of the characteristics of the hybrids between the Euvitis (V. vinifera) and Muscadinia (V. rotundifolia) subgenera, combining the quality of fruit from V. vinifera with disease resistance and environmental adaptation of muscadines (V. rotundifolia), for the completion of the grapevine genetic bank were carried out to study their metaphase chromosomes.
Methods. The species V. vinifera (2n = 38), V. rotundifolia (2n = 40) and the interspecific hybrids BC4 (BC4-717, BC4-718, BC4-719, BC4-720, BC4-721, BC4-754, BC4-755, BC4-756, BC4-757, BC4-758, BC4-790, BC4-591. BC4-792, BC4-793, BC4-794) were included in the experiments. For counting the number of chromosomes in somatic cells the standard methods of cytological preparations were used. The interspecific hybrid grapevine specimens' metaphase chromosomes were calculated by the propion-lacmoid chromosome staining method, through which use, a contrasting image is obtained: the cytoplasm becomes colorless, and the chromosomes are stained red-brown. Results. Through the study of the karyotypes of interspecific grapevine hybrids, it was possible to count BC4 chromosomes and select specimens with 2n = 38, which indicates the stability of the resulting genotypes.
Conclusion. The quality and adaptability of the BC4 hybrids, and the stable number of chromosomes are essential to complement the genetic bank of grapevine, and select specimens will serve as the basis of the breeding programs effective.