Pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) with an increased level of adaptability to arid conditions

Abstract

Aims. To investigate the economically valuable characteristics of pea cultivars created at the institute under insufficient soil moisture and elevated air temperatures. The yield level, elements of the productivity, protein content and anti-nutrient compounds were determined. Methods. Created at our institute cultivars were tested in ecological and competitive nurseries by sowing in the field conditions. Phenological observations, records and assessments were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology for testing plant cultivars of cereals, groats and legumes during the vegetation period. The standard methods developed in the biochemistry laboratory of our institute were used for biochemical studies. The yield and quality indicators of cultivars from other scientific institutions of Ukraine, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, France, and other foreign institutions were also studied. Results and Discussion. The results of the yield of a significant volume of domestic and foreign cultivars, as well as recombinant lines, are presented. The average yield of the studied genotypes was at the level of 1.4–1.5 t/ha. The mechanisms of the action of stressful temperatures on plants are discussed, as well as methods for creating starting material with an increased level of thermotolerance and resistance to lodging. New cultivars and promising recombinant lines entered in the State Register and submitted for examination are characterized. Conclusions. Soil and climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine contribute to the production of high-quality pea seeds. Through hybridization and directed selection, the institute has developed a number of cultivars that are characterized by improved adaptability and increased resistance to lodging. The yield of domestic and foreign cultivars under our conditions was similar.