Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies

Pulverized and non-pulverized effect on Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. leaf extract—antimicrobial activity

J. A. Aremu — 2024-02-11

Aims. Chromolaena odorata R.M.King & H.Rob. leaves were studied for pulverized and non-pulverized extract effects. Methods. Extraction was carried out
through water maceration. Pulverized and non-pulverized dried leaves were extracted at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 g per 1 ml. The leave's phytochemical screening reflected availability of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins with other secondary metabolites. Antimicrobial assay of the extracts was determined on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion procedure. Results. Extracts between 20 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL gave 13 mm to 22 mm zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus for the pulverized leaves extract and 8 mm to 20 mm for non-pulverized while 12 mm to 23 mm and 8 mm to 19 mm zones of inhibitions against Escherichia coli were recorded for the pulverized and nonpulverized leaves extract respectively. Conclusions. Studies have shown that C. odorata leaf extract can be used as a potential natural source for drug development to treat some bacterial infections. The pulverized leaves demonstrated more inhibitory activity than non-pulverized against the microorganisms.

Adonis vernalis L. in the conditions of introduction on the botanical-geographical plot "Steppes of Ukraine" at the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

Victoria Gritsenko — 2024-02-11

Aims. To find out and characterize the phenological, floristic, phytocoenotic, coenopopulation, morphometric and consortive peculiarities of the rare steppe species included in the Red Book of Ukraine, Adonis vernalis L., in the conditions of introduction in the meadow-steppe culturphytocenosis at the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG). Methods. The research was carried out in 2020–2023 in the Department of Natural Flora of the NBG. The nomenclature of taxa is given according to POWO (2023). The age states of A. vernalis were determined by (Mel'nyk & Parubok, 2004). Results. In the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, the flowering of A. vernalis begins at the end of March — the first half of April. Mass flowering of A. vernalis occurs in the second half of April and lasts about two weeks. Here, 73 taxa were identified, among their numbers 53.4% were introduced, 31.5% were local, 6.9% were ergasiophygophytes, and 8.2% were xenophytes. Of these 73 flora representatives, 57.5% were in the phenophase of vegetation, 4.1% — budding, 28.8% — flowering, and 9.6% — fruiting. The projective coverage of A. vernalis during the period of mass flowering in some places reached 40%. The completion of A. vernalis flowering and the beginning of fruiting occurs in the first half of May; mass fruiting — from the second half of May; completion of fruiting — during June. In the spectrum of ontogenetic states of the introduction coenopopulation of A. vernalis, generative individuals prevail; spatial distribution of individuals is uneven. During the period of A. vernalis mass flowering, the height of the shoots can reach 50 cm; there are up to 36 flowers and buds per individual; the flowers diameter is 3.2–8.5 cm; petals 1.6–4.3 cm long, 0.5–1.0 cm wide. The fruits of A. vernalis are multi-nuts, measuring from 1.2×1.2 cm to 2.8×1.8 cm. Among the consorts of A. vernalis, five species of insects, four species of spiders and a European mole were found. Conclusions. The introduction of A. vernalis in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the NBG was successful: for more than 70 years, a stable numerical homeostatic introduction coenopopulation of the species was formed with an area ca. 0.5 ha. The diameter of the flowers and the length of the petals of A. vernalis are characterized by the largest ranges of variations precisely in the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, in comparison with other data. It was found that A. vernalis nuts are spread by Formica cunicularia ants.

Problems with identification of medicinal plants and medicinal plant raw materials

Lіudmyla Hlushchenko — 2024-02-11

Aims. The analysis of issues related to the identification of plants with medicinal properties and medicinal plant raw materials grown and collected in natural phytocenoses. Methods. Medicinal plant raw materials and phytopreparations based on them are an important and significant part of the global market for medicinal products. Regardless of the method of obtaining it — collection or cultivation, medicinal plant raw materials must meet the quality indicators determined by international pharmaceutical practice and specified in regulatory documents at the international and state levels. The system of measures used in the production process and quality control begins with the identification of the industrial or cultivation object. The processes associated with the identification of species of medicinal and essential oil plants were investigated based on problematic and scientific publications, internet resources, and personal observations. The obtained results were generalized. The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the production and experimental plantings of medicinal plants, the collection of plants in the botanical nursery, and the herbarium of the Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, using production samples of raw materials, seeds, and so on. Results. The conducted research indicates that to obtain quality consumer products of plant origin that are safe and meet regulatory requirements, it is necessary to ensure quality at all stages of its production, starting with the identification of plants. Until recently, this component was considered necessary only for wild medicinal and essential oil plants. As a result of the research conducted, it has been clarified that even when growing raw materials, identification remains an important component of the production process of medicinal plant raw materials. The paper also presents the results of an analysis of the main trends in the modern production of medicinal and essential oil raw materials and identifies the most common problems associated with the identification of plants and raw materials, both during collection and cultivation. Conclusions. The most problematic aspects of the identification of medicinal plants during wild collection and cultivation of cultivated raw materials have been identified. Ways to solve some identified problems have been outlined.

The collection of herbaceous perennials in the Botanical Garden of Bila Tserkva NAU: current state and prospects for enrichment

Liubov Ishchuk — 2024-02-11

Aims. In order to find out the current state of the collection of herbaceous perennials of the Botanical Garden of the Bila Tserkva NAU of Sciences, to analyze their taxonomic composition, bioecological features, sozological value, placement in exhibitions, and to propose ways to enrich the collection new species and intraspecific taxa. Methods. The taxonomic composition of perennials was studied according to the directory of the collection fund of flower and ornamental plants of the NBS named after M. M. Hryshka of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kolektsijnyj…, 2008), the catalog of plants of the Botanical Garden of NUBiP Ukrainy (Kataloh roslyn…, 2011), the Catalog of Bruns Pflanzen 2018/2019 (Bruns…, 2018). The names of species and varieties are given according to the checklist of S. Mosyakin, M. Fedoronchuk (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999) and electronic resources World Flora Online (WFO, 2021) and Plant A to Z (2023). The analysis of the spatial placement of perennials in flower gardens for various functional purposes was carried out according to the works of V. P. Bessonova (Bessonova, 2010), K. Amann (Amann, 2012), N. J. Ondra (2014), U. Leyhe (2014), E. Rönnblom (2019), L. P. Ishchuk (2012), Ishchuk and others (Ishchuk et al., 2014). The rare component of the collection was analyzed according to the Catalog of rare plants of botanical gardens and arboretums of Ukraine (Kataloh rarytetnykh…, 2011), a reference book by A. A. Kuzemko and others. (Kuzemko et al., 2015) and the Red Book of Ukraine (Chervona…, 2009). Results. The formation of the collection of perennial herbaceous plants began at the biostation on an area of 1.9 hectares in 2007. The taxonomic composition of the collection is 200 species and 367 intraspecific taxa belonging to two divisions: Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) and Pteridophyta, up to 49 families and 127 genera. 71.4 % of the families belong to the Magnoliopsida class, 24.5 % to the Liliopsida class, and only 4.1 % of the families belong to the Polypodiopsida class. The largest number of species is represented by the family Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. — 42, Lamiacea Martinov, — 19, Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil. — 13, Caprifoliaceae Juss. — 10, Poaceae Barnhart — 9, Amaryllidaceae Juss. — 8 species. 22 families are represented by only one taxon. The greatest varietal diversity is characteristic of the families Asteraceae — 152, Iridaceae Juss.— 56, Asphodelaceae Juss.— 23, Liliaceae Juss. — 15, Asparagaceae Juss.— 14, Crassulaceae — 12, Lamiaceae — 11, Amaryllidaceae, Cannaceae Juss. and Polemoniaceae Juss. — 10 each, Saxifragaceae Juss. — 9 intraspecific taxa. Among the plants in the collection, root perennials make up 44.2 %, rhizomes — 16.2 %, bulbs — 14.3 %, and tubers — 20.3 %. tuber bulbus only 5 %. 86.0 % of the plants in the collection belong to decorative-flowering plants, 8.8 % are decorative-leafy, and only 5.2 % are ground-cover plants. The collection is dominated by summer-autumn (42 %) and spring-summer (35 %) flowering perennials. Heliophytes, heliophytes make up 69 %, sciophytes — only 11 %. Eutrophs make up 46 % of the collection, mesotrophs — 42 % and oligotrophs — 12 %. Only varieties Chrysanthemum × koreanum hort need winter shelter. and Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Canna L. rhizomes, Dahlia cultorum Thorsrud & Reisaeter tubers, and Gladiolus L. bulbs require digging for the winter and subsequent storage in the basement. Conclusions. The collection of herbaceous perennials performs educational, research, production, and ecological and educational functions and has sozological value. Replenishment of the collection of herbaceous perennials in the Botanical Garden of the Bila Tserkva NAU of Science and Technology should be carried out through cooperation with neighboring botanical institutions, work with dilectus and seed catalogs of leading flower companies, and by attracting highly decorative species of local flora to the collection.

Biological and morphological features of the Prunus laurocerasus L. during introduction at the "Sofiyivka" National Park of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Larysa Koldar — 2024-02-11

Aims. Prunus laurocerasus L. is an evergreen ornamental plant with a number of valuable economic properties: decorative, medicinal, food, technical, etc. However, in Ukraine, plants of this species belong to the rare and require the study of the biological and morphological features of the growth and development of P. laurocerasus plants in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Material for research served 3–5-year-old plants P. laurocerasus, which grow in quarter No. 3, and the experimental production site of the National dendrological park "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine. The biological features of the species were investigated according to the recommendations of Christen C. Raunkiær. Morphological description of plants was carried out using biometric methods. Results. The biological and morphological features of P. laurocerasus plants grown in the plantations of the "Sofiyivka" National Park were determined. The periods of its flowering and fruiting were investigated, and the average growth of annual shoots during the growing season was tested. The structure of the flower, leaf, and bark is described, and the type of root system was identified. Conclusions. It was found that the species P. laurocerasus belongs to mesophanerophytes with a growing season of 210–223 days, a flowering period from the second decade of April to the second decade of May, and an annual average growth of shoots up to 46 cm. The number of petals and stamens in the flower was determined, a morphological description of the leaf plate was carried out, and the type of root system was identified.

The genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Ukraine: spontaneous spread of A. australis and other species in culture

Tetiana Mamchur — 2024-02-11

Aims. The article is devoted to the review of the modern distribution of the neophyte of the flora of Ukraine Acalypha australis L. (Euphorbiaceae) in connection with the discovery of its new locations. Summarizing information about new finds of this alien plant of South-Eastern Asian origin in Ukraine and clarifying information about cultivation in domestic introduction institutions of other species of the genus Acalypha. Methods. During floristic research 2019–2023 in Kyiv City and the Kyiv region, the Odesa City and the Odesa region, in the Luhansk City, as well as in Transcarpathia, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk, Kherson and Khmelnytskyi administrative regions, new locations were registered and Acalypha australis. The horology of the species is summarized and presented on a map, in addition to its own collections, based on literary sources, herbariums, and other materials. Generalization of information on the cultivation of decorative representatives of the genus Acalypha was carried out according to reference publications and own research. Results. The
authors discovered 22 new locations of A. australis in the Transcarpathian lowland, Right Bank Forest-Steppe, Right Bank Steppe and Left Bank Steppe. According to the Catalogs of six botanical gardens of Ukraine, it was established that decorative A. hispida and A. wilkesiana and a number of varieties of these species are grown in indoor conditions in Ukraine. The latter species is indicated as wild from culture for Italy and Switzerland, but due to its tropical origin, conditions for acclimatization in open ground in Ukraine, at least with the exception of the Southern coast of Crimea, are absent for this and similar species. Conclusions. The generalization of information on the distribution of A. australis in Ukraine confirms the active distribution of the species in the northern and western directions. Although the species is currently representative of the urban flora of the steppe zone and the
Crimea, its findings have also been noted in the Forest-Steppe zone and Transcarpathian lowland. The species is a characteristic weed of decorative and floral plantings and shows a tendency to naturalize as a colonophyte or epoecophyte in ruderal biotopes.

Agrobiological classification of crops

Volodymyr Mezhenskyj — 2024-02-11

Aims. This article aims to streamline the system of crop names. Methods. Analysis of literary sources. The method of direct analysis and synthesis, historical and logical methods, and the comparative historical method were applied. Results. The use of varieties in agricultural practice implies their preliminary entry in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, which is only a list of registered varieties and should not be used as a reference book on the nomenclature. The problem of transferring Latin plant names in the system of Ukrainian botanical terminology should be solved by forming new generic names based on folk nomenclature and not neglecting, if necessary, loan translation and transliteration of generic names; species epithets should be adequately translated of the corresponding Latin names. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scientific naming of all plants, but the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants has been created to designate cultivated plants. Last, in particular, operates with the names of cultivars and cultivar Groups. In the summary table, we adduced the crop names whose varieties are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties: the Latin and Ukrainian names of their corresponding taxa and cultivar Groups, which organize the crop names and allow us to compare them with botanical names. Conclusions. In agronomic practice, botanical and agrobiological classifications are used at the same time, which covers, respectively, the names of taxa and cultons. The agrobiological classification has certain advantages but is under the pressure of illegal application of the norms of naming taxa to the crop names, which destroys its foundations. Codification of the agrobiological classification will protect it from such a negative impact. The distinction between the scope of application of both classifications will be related to the implementation of scientific and economic activities.

Mutagenic treatment of pollen to obtain an inbred generation from self-incompatible cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.)

Olga Opalko — 2024-02-11

Aims. The information analysis on the gene expression of self-incompatibility in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars and the generalization with our research results on overcoming self-incompatibility by pollen mutagenic treatments were determined to be the aim of this article. Methods. The studies of the controlled geitonogamy were conducted at the orchards of the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the NAS of Ukraine (NDP “Sofiyivka”) and the Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). The experiments were performed on 10- to 20-year-old apple trees Golden Delicious’, ‘Zymove lymonne’, ‘Cortland’ and ‘Slava Peremozhcyam’, as well as pear trees ‘Bere Desiatova’ and ‘Clapp's Favorite’. Castrated flowers of these cultivars were pollinated with pollen from other flowers of the same tree, i.e. geitonogamy was performed (one of the variants of inbred pollination), and also а number of variants of geitonogamy by mature pollen preliminarily treated with gamma rays in doses of 5; 20 and 50 gray (Gy) and chemical mutagens vapours: nitrosodimethylurea (NDMU—50 mg per desiccator; dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and ethylene oxide (EO)—both 12 drops per ten-litre sealed desiccators. The statistical analyses were carried out using the methods of Ronald Fisher. Results. The efficiency of the mutagens used for increasing the percentage of fruit set and seeds per fruit was confirmed in most variants of the experiments with apple (M. domestica) and pear (P. communis). We assumed that after geitonogamous pollination by many mutagenized pollen grains with mutant and non-mutant alleles of the S-gene, the inhibition in the stigma and/or in the ovary mainly may show for pollen grains without mutant alleles of the S-gene. Analysis of the fruit set showed that in all variants with mutagens, the fruit set and also the number of seeds per fruit significantly exceeded variants of "geitonogamy without mutagens". It also was revealed that the average fruit set and the average number of seeds per fruit in apple cultivars were much higher than in pear cultivars. Conclusions Studies have shown that treatment of apple and pear pollen with mutagens promotes fruit setting and the number of seeds per fruit in geitonogamous pollination, possibly due to the natural selection of mutant microspores by the egg apparatus of the female gametophyte and the germination inhibition of non-mutant pollen. The technique of geitonogamous pollination by pollen pre-treated with gamma rays and chemical mutagens for obtaining an inbred generation can be recommended for apple and pear breeding, and also deserves to be studied in other cultivated plants with self-incompatibility genes.

Compositions of open spaces in the works of the outstanding landscape architect Leonid Ivanovich Rubtsov

Olena Rubtsova — 2024-02-11

Aims. To explore open spaces of the arboretum of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and other landscaping facilities created by L. I. Rubtsov. Methods. We carried out the research in the arboretum of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2018–2022 and by analyzing materials of the archive of the Institute of Urban Design "Dipromisto". To study open spaces, we used the landscape classification technique of L. I. Rubtsov (Rubtsov, 1977). Results. As a result of the research, we made conclusions that when creating unique areas in the botanical garden, Leonid Ivanovich created open spaces in different types of garden and park landscape. In the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, open spaces were created in the lilacs garden (garden type of landscape). In some areas of the arboretum: the birch grove, the leguminous area with "the meadow of dancing giants", the garden of mock oranges, the meadow of horse chestnuts and tree peonies, the forsythia garden (the "Golden Valley"), the garden of ornamental apples, the magnolia garden, and also in the Great Steppe Meadow of the "Askania-Nova" Arboretum in the Kherson region, open spaces are used in a park-type landscape. Meadows were designed and created with different compositional structures: 1 — a meadow with backstages, 2 — a meadow with beautiful flowering flanks, 3 — a meadow with individual trees, shrubs or herbaceous perennials. In the valley of the Mountain Garden in custom design by L. I. Rubtsov, open space was created in an alpine type of landscape. Open spaces often served as distant perspectives, through which visitors could see architectural objects located outside the botanical garden (a panorama of the Vydubychi Monastery through the lilacs garden, a panorama of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra through the meadow of the Birch Grove). Currently, the open spaces created by Leonid Rubtsov are actively used for recreation purposes: exhibitions, concerts and other recreational mass events for visitors of the botanical garden. Conclusions. Compositions of open spaces created by L. I. Rubtsov, have scientific, cultural and functional value, they became a recreational environment.

The alien plant Euphorbia davidii (Euphorbiaceae) in the flora of Ukraine: history of introduction, present distribution and ecological-cenotic features

Myroslav Shevera — 2024-02-11

Introduction. The article provides a brief overview of the stages and foci of the initial introduction and further spread of the alien plant Euphorbia davidii Subils (Euphorbiaceae) in Ukraine. Chorological and phytocenotic features are summarized, a map of the distribution of the species is drawn up, and information on the state of populations is provided. Aims. Summarizing information on the stages of introduction, the current distribution of E davidii, and trends in the further distribution of the species in Ukraine. Methods. Traditional field research was carried out (route surveys, identification of new localities of the species, accounting of the number of plants in the places of introduction and their ecological and cenotic characteristics) and camera processing of literary and other information, in particular, herbarium collections (KHER, KW, KWHA, et al.) and electronic databases (iNaturalist, UkrBin). Results. The first centers of E. davidii in Ukraine appeared in the 90s of the 20th century. and recorded almost simultaneously in the southern (North Black Sea), southeastern (Donbas), and western (Transcarpathia) regions, later in the Dnieper region. All discovered localities of the species at that time were confined exclusively to railway tracks. At the beginning of the XXI century. new locations of the species were found in the northeastern (Kharkov City), southern (Crimea), and central (Poltava Region) regions. In the last decade, new locations of the species were recorded in different parts of the country: Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Sumy, and Cherkasy Regions. Recently, individual plants or small curtains have been found outside railway ecotopes, in particular, in the Mykolaiv region, E. davidii was noted in sunflower crops, and in Transcarpathia — as part of synanthropic plant communities. Conclusions. So, the information on the modern distribution of E. davidii in Ukraine was summarized: the foci of the species were recorded in all botanical and geographical zones of the country, on the territory of 17 administrative regions. This testifies to the wide phytogeographic amplitude of the species and the expansion of the spectrum of its ecological and coenotic features.

Chickpea is a promising source of dietary protein

Vyacheslav Sichkar — 2024-02-11

Aims. Analysis of the possibilities of increasing the production of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds becomes especially relevant due to the great nutritional and agrotechnical importance of this crop, as well as with the constant increase in the number of vegetarians and vegans in the world and in Ukraine, as a result of which the demand for plant-based "meat" is growing on the world market. Methods. Field experiments were performed from 1995 to 2022 at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation (PBGI – NCSCI). The National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine (Kharkiv) and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT –Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India) chickpea collection samples were studied. The chickpea sowing and growing technology in breeding nurseries and analyses of the quality indicators of the crop were performed using standard methods. The statistical analyses were carried out using the methods of Ronald Fisher. Results. Based on the authors’ own studies and the results of other researchers, chickpea seeds are characterized as a source of high-quality protein, important micro- and macroelements, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, and other functionally important compounds. Information is provided on the most common food products that are made from chickpea. Their preventive effect on human health, improvement of their immunity, and performance are noted. Conclusions. Experimental data obtained at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute indicate that the seeds of this crop grown in Ukraine in terms of food quality are at the level of world standards.

Ecobiological features of the Actinidia (Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) cultivars plants development in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of the Black Sea region

Mykola Tsandur — 2024-02-11

Aims. Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the introduction of Actinidia plants to the natural and climatic conditions of the northern steppe of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. Methods. Biometric, comparative morphological, and statistical. Results. Three-year studies established the dates of the phenological phases of two forms: female and male French and domestic selection. In general, the onset of the main phenological phases of plant forms (cultivars) of Actinidia and their development in the process of organogenesis depended on the weather conditions at the beginning of the growing season. According to observations of the duration of phenological phases of plants, it was determined that female forms begin flowering 7 days earlier than male forms and bloom three days longer. Actinidia plants react negatively to low air temperatures in the early stages of organogenesis. Thus, the temperature at night on April 2, 2020, dropped from -2 to -5 ^oC and on the night of April 21, 2021, to minus 1 ^oC, which led to the freezing of young shoots and flower buds of both plant forms and to crop losses in these years. It was established that the biological maturity of the fruits of the studied culture begins in the second decade of September. Their full ripening was recorded at the end of the second decade — at the beginning of the third decade of the specified month. The duration of the growing season depended on the weather conditions of the year, as did the productivity of the plants. Berries in all years of research were characterized by high taste qualities, which were at the level of 8 points in the tasting evaluation. The resistance of plants of both forms and cultivars to pests and diseases in the 2020–2022 seasons was high, which is probably due to their absence in the new environment. Conclusions. Cultivars of Actinidia plants, grown in the natural and climatic conditions of the northern steppe of the Black Sea region of Ukraine, are adapted to the area of introduction and deserve further introduction into production.

The use of ginkgo bilobа plants (Ginkgo biloba L.) in the art of bonsai

Nadiya Tsybrovska — 2024-02-11

Aims. To find out the prospects of using plants of the species G. biloba and its cultivars in such techniques of Sino-Japanese garden topiary art as bonsai and niwaki. Methods. The study of the features of the development of G. biloba plants for their further use in the art of bonsai and niwaki was carried out using the methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of literary data, as well as according to our own methodological developments. Results. It has been found that G. biloba plants able to produce fancy root-like structures: aerial and basal chichi, thanks to which three different styles of ginkgo bonsai are distinguished: 1) the "chichi" style produced by layering branches of trees that are already producing chichi; 2) the "stalactite" style produced by removing aerial chichi from old trees and planting them upside down; and 3) the "clump" style produced by suckering from basal chichi or secondary germination of basal chichi with the formation of multi-stemmed ginkgo bonsai in the form of a "forest". Depending on the features of the development of G. biloba, ordinary ginkgo bonsai can be distinguished — made in the classic upright "Tekan" style; in the style characterized by the "bent" or "winding" shape of the trunk — "Moegi" and in the style characterized by the presence of two trunks, which can be different in size and form one crown — "Sokan", etc. and ginkgo chichi bonsai. So to create non-classical styles of G. biloba niwaki, the technique of weaving the trunk with a braid and in a circle was implemented. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the use of G. biloba in the art of bonsai, depending on the biological characteristics of the plant, are considered. Features of the formation of aerial and basal shoots of G. biloba and their role in creating different styles of bonsai are described. It was found that G. biloba plants are promising for use in such techniques of Sino-Japanese garden topiary art as bonsai and niwaki.

The state of planting Rhododendron L. in the phytocenosis of the lower river Kamianka of the Sofiyivka National Dendrological Park of NAS of Ukraine

Lyudmila Vegera — 2024-02-11

Aims. Assess the state of planting Rhododendron atlanticum (Ashe) Rehd., Rh. viscosum ‘Lollipop’, Rh. obtusum ‘Меlina’, Rh. o. ‘Königstein’, Rh. o. ‘Hino Crimson’, Rh. o. ‘Pure White’, Rh. o. ‘Anuke’, Rh. luteum ‘Soir de Paris’, Rh. l. ‘Corneille’, Rh. l. ‘Tunis’, Rh. l. ‘Jolie Madame’, planted in the phytocoenosis of the lower river Kamianka in the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka”, located in the southern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to highlight the main factors that influenced the stability of these taxa in the conditions of the studied region. Methods. Field research; assessment of the shrubs' condition was carried out according to the methodological recommendations for taxation of perennial planting in the historical parks of Ukraine. Results. The cultivars Rh. o. ‘Königstein’, Rh. o. ‘Меlina’, Rh. o. ‘Hino Crimson’, Rh. o. ‘Pure White’ during 5 years of cultivation successfully took root and adapted to soil and climatic conditions of phytocenosis, have good condition (Quality Assessment Factor (QA) 1.0–0.7). Other taxa were less resistant and require a higher agrophone for growth: they showed signs of satisfactory and unsatisfactory conditions (QA 0.3–0.7) — underdeveloped crown, slow growth, reduced shoot growth length, presence of dry shoots in the upper tier of the crown, low leafiness, dullness of leaves, reduced number of generative buds. The main factors that adversely affect the survival rate, adaptation process and plant viability were identified. Conclusions. In the lower river Kamianka at the site “Nova Sofiyivka” of the dendrological park “Sofiyivka”, during the five-year period of rhododendron cultivation, four cultivars of Rh. obtusum, except Rh. o. ‘Anuke’ were in good condition and were distinguished by high drought and winter hardiness in the southern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Rh. atlanticum, Rh. viscosum ‘Lollipop’ and Rh. luteum cultivars had unsatisfactory and satisfactory conditions: they were less drought-resistant and required higher agrophone to increase resistance.